A study revealed that even when a species is deemed endangered in Canada, it can face prolonged delays in receiving protection decisions from Ottawa while its critical habitat undergoes changes. Out of 288 species assessed as at risk since 2017, only 17 had their final listing decision made by the federal cabinet body within the recommended timeframe. Conversely, 153 species, including caribou, beluga whales, and lake sturgeon, were overdue for listing decisions as of January 25, 2025.
The research pointed out a bottleneck in the Species at Risk Act (SARA) process. While Ottawa has suggested timelines for advancing assessments, there is no statutory deadline for a crucial stage, leading to delays in habitat protections and recovery plans for endangered species.
Peter Thompson, the lead author of the study and a postdoctoral researcher at Simon Fraser University, highlighted the consistent failure of the government to meet its recommended timelines of one to two years for listing decisions.
One example cited in the study is the Saskatchewan-Nelson River population of lake sturgeon, which has been awaiting a federal listing decision since being designated as endangered in 2017 due to significant population declines. Dams and hydro projects have obstructed the fish’s movement, jeopardizing their survival by impeding access to vital habitats.
Under the Species at Risk Act, listing a species as endangered or threatened triggers protective measures such as prohibitions on harming or capturing the species and mandates the development of a recovery strategy identifying critical habitats. Aquatic species, in particular, rely on these protections as SARA’s regulations apply nationwide for aquatic species but are limited to federal lands for most terrestrial species.
The study emphasized the importance of timely listing decisions, especially for aquatic species, as delays can have severe consequences on biodiversity and Indigenous cultural connections. Andrea Reid, a Canada Research Chair in Indigenous Fisheries Science, emphasized that protecting habitats is crucial for preserving cultural traditions and language alongside biodiversity.
The study also raised concerns about a lack of transparency and accountability in the listing process, allowing governments to postpone difficult conservation decisions. Efforts are needed to streamline the process and ensure prompt decisions to provide the necessary protections for at-risk species.